# Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) - Clinical Longevity Review & Consensus Audit

> **Consensus Verdict**: Well-established physiological role in hepatic coagulation factor carboxylation and bone mineralization.

## 1. Executive Summary & Scores
- **Longevity Evidence Score**: **90/100**
- **Evidence Quality Tier**: **silver**
- **Human Clinical Evidence Strength**: 88/100
- **Primary Longevity Classification**: supplements
- **Safety Margin Score**: 84/100 (Higher is safer)
- **Time Burden**: ~15 minutes/day
- **Estimated Monthly Cost**: inexpensive
- **Adherence Friction**: 3/10 (Lower is easier to sustain)

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## 2. Biological Mechanisms of Action
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase co-factor

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## 3. Canonical Longevity Vector Impacts (The 8 Longevity Pillars)

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## 4. Practical Protocol & Administration Guidelines
- **Standard Clinical Dosage**: 1,000 mcg – 1,500 mcg
- **Recommended Timing**: Morning with healthy fats
- **Administration Type**: supplement
- **Recommended Biomarkers to Monitor**: heart_health, bone_density

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## 5. Safety, Contraindications & Drug Interactions
- **Contraindications**: Warfarin / Coumadin anticoagulation therapy
- **Safety Profile**: Very High - No established upper intake limit in healthy individuals.

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## 6. Peer-Reviewed Human Clinical Trials & Key PMIDs
1. **Phylloquinone Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease** [PMID: 34367980]
   - Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34367980/
2. **Vitamin K1 Supplementation Retards Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women** [PMID: 18926928]
   - Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18926928/
3. **Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Improves Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blind Randomised Clinical Trial** [PMID: 25694037]
   - Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25694037/

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## 7. Canonical Citation & Web Verification
- **Official Web Review**: [Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) on LongevityReviews](https://longevityreviews.org/modalities/vitamin-k1)
- **Last Evidence Calibration**: 2026-08-09
- **Review Policy**: 0% sponsored placements, independent peer-reviewed consensus.